Abel Nicholas Dyksterhuis part 5

1940

1940 Census age 41

1940 Census, Lawrence, Whatcom County, Washington

Lived on Goshen Road (no house number) in Lawrence, Whatcom County Washington, on his own farm.  He completed 2 years of high school, living with wife and all five children.  He is 44 years old, wife Reka is 34 years old and completed 8th grade.  The oldest child completed 7th grade so far.

I would like to have some yearbook images, but I cannot find any available online.  Do you have a yearbook I could scan?  Let me know using the contact form on the right

Historical Insight -- World War II on the West Coast

When the Japanese attacked the West Coast during World War II, Abel Nicholas Dyksterhuis was living in Lawrence, Washington near the enemy targets.

September 10, 1942, Canada. Credit: Toronto Star Archives/Toronto Star/Toronto Star
via Getty Images – Ancestry.com Historical Insight

Canadian Forces teamed up with U.S. soldiers to defeat the invading Japanese. Before the enemy surrendered, the Allies suffered almost 1,500 casualties. – Ancestry.com Historical Insight

Hoping to bring the conflict home, the Japanese carried out a series of attacks on the West Coast during World War II. The first assault took place on February 23, 1942, when just north of Santa Barbara, California, a Japanese submarine torpedoed the Ellwood Oil Field, virtually missing the target. That summer, the Japanese regrouped, launching a ground invasion of the Aleutian Islands in the Alaskan Territory on June 3. The diversionary offensive designed to lure U.S. troops away from the Battle at Midway, failed to prevent an American victory in the Pacific, but because of the harsh terrain, it took U.S. Forces almost a year to recapture the islands. Until the war’s end, assaults from the seas and skies continued—fighter jets dropped bombs over Oregon and launched 10,000 fire balloons toward North America. Surprisingly, the attacks caused minimal damage and received little coverage in the press, but became an influential justification for the internment of Japanese Americans. – Ancestry.com Historical Insight 

Historical Insight -- Washington During World War II

Abel was a resident of Lawrence Washington, and likely helped produce vital war materials during World War II

April 5, 1943, Seattle, Washington. Credit: Getty Images
  – Ancestry.com Historical Insight

Thousands of Washingtonians served in the military. More than 6,200 lost their lives, and 25 were awarded Medals of Honor.   – Ancestry.com Historical Insight

Throughout World War II, the people of Washington played a significant role in Allied victory. Thousands of aircraft were manufactured at Boeing plants, and 15 shipyards produced an unprecedented number of ships, including freighters, transports, escort carriers, destroyers, minesweepers, and tugboats. Life changed dramatically for Washingtonians of every age as each and every one was effected in some way by the war. Family members and friends left for military service, and women took up jobs that had previously been denied them. Washington became the third-largest producer of aluminum by the end of the war, having never produced the substance before the war began. Military bases abounded, and the Army and Navy purchased nearly all fish canned by Washington’s large industry. As 250,000 people, including thousands of African Americans, flooded into the state in search of war jobs, the social makeup of Washington was significantly altered.  – Ancestry.com Historical Insight

Did Abel Nicholas Dyksterhuis also register for the WWII draft?  I can't find any indication that he did, not on Ancestry.com, not on Fold3.  If you have any information, please let me know using the contact form on the right.

In Other News --

The first black general in the United States was appointed in 1940, as well as the development of the first colour television sets (OurTimelines.com, 2018)

1941 age 43

Death of Father Geert Edsko (GE) Dyksterhuis, 20 May 1941, Lynden, Whatcom Washington.  His Find A Grave Memorial is here.

abel dyksterhuis 1941 directory

Here we again see A. Dyksterhuis, RD3, box 489.  I cannot for the life of me find out where this may be in today's terms, and could use some help.  I suspect this is our Abel Nicholas Dyksterhuis, but it is hard to be certain, with just one letter of the first name.

The Humboldt Republican, Humboldt Iowa
5 September 1941 page 5
downloaded 4 September 2017 from
Newspapers.com

Historical Insight -- The United States enters World War II

Abel lived in Lawrence Washington when the United States declared war on Japan just one day after the attack on Pearl Harbor that killed 2,400 Americans

December 7, 1941, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
Credit: Fox Photos/Hulton Archive/Getty Images
--  from  Ancestry.com Historical Insight

The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor shook the nation. Today it remains the second worst attack on U.S. soil—second only to September 11, 2001.  --  from  Ancestry.com Historical Insight

1942 age 44

Death of sister Flossina S. Dyksterhuis.  She was born 1892 in South Dakota, died and is buried in Washington.  View her Find A Grave Memorial here

Chicago Daily Tribune, Chicago Illinois
28 February 1942 page 9
downloaded 21 March 2017 from
Newspapers.com

1945 age 46

Historical Insight -- First Inauguration of Harry S. Truman

Abel Nicholas Dyksterhuis of Lawrence, Washington, was likely shocked when Harry S. Truman suddenly became president of the United States in 1945.

1945. Credit: Getty Images   --  from  Ancestry.com Historical Insight

For a time, President Truman continued in the same vein as his predecessor, but he eventually developed his own programs. 

Abel and Reka Dyksterhuis in the 1940s.  From Ancestry.com, originally shared by MichelleR_ on 7 April 2012.

Historical Insight -- V-J Day

At the close of World War II Abel might have taken part in V-J Day celebrations while living in Lawrence, Washington

August 14, 1945, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
Credit: Ed Westcott/Wikimedia Commons/Public Domain
--  from  Ancestry.com Historical Insight

Residents of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, gathered to rejoice on V-J Day.    --  from  Ancestry.com Historical Insight

At 7:03 p.m. on August 14, 1945, the scrolling sign in New York City’s Times Square delivered the news: “Official—Truman Announces Japanese Surrender.” An estimated crowd of 2 million erupted in cheers. The War in the Pacific, and thus World War II, was over. “Victory over Japan,” or “V-J Day” was celebrated August 14 and spilled over into August 15 in the United States. As the news spread, people gathered in large celebrations. Dancing, singing, bonfires, and fireworks demonstrated the sheer jubilation of the American people. In Washington, D.C., crowds danced on the White House lawn and chanted, “We want Harry.” President Truman appeared briefly, declaring “This is the day we have been waiting for since Pearl Harbor.” After nearly four years of war and more than 400,000 lives lost, the United States looked ahead to the homecoming of its overseas servicemen and women, the release of POWs, and the return to life without rationing and air raids.    --  from  Ancestry.com Historical Insight

In Other News --

There IS no other news!

 Harry S. Truman President of the United States from 1945 to 1952 (OurTimelines.com, 2018)

(Wikipedia, Harry S. Truman, 2018)

1946 age 48



Both of these photos are from the same plaque.  Submitted to Ancestry.com by BaSchimmel in march of 2013.

The Bikini first developed; The Cold War began and lasted until after his death (OurTimelines.com, 2018)

1946 Frigidaire electric range

1948 age 50

Abel died 5 October 1948 in Clear Lake, Skagit County, Washington 

1948 death certificate

According to the death certificate, Abel N. Dyksterhuis died at his home in Clear Lake.  He'd only been here for a year.  His usual occupation is listed as laborer for Northern State Hospital, so presumably this is the reason he left his farm so he could work here?  Also, my presumption about his military career is correct, in that even though he had to register for the draft in WWI, he was never in any military.  Abel was only 50 years old, wife Reka was 42.  This is a tertiary source of birth for him, since the information came from his wife, but it is a source where otherwise we would have none.  

He died at 0730 in the morning of Acute Coronary Occlusion.  Given his young age, and the suddenness of the event, it may have been what is commonly called the Widow-maker.

According to Science Daily, brothers and sisters have a much higher chance of having a heart attack as well .  The study did not indicate sons and grandsons, but it is a good idea to watch out and to modify habits and diets if needed.  While Wikipedia is not a creditable source, it could be a good start to any research you want to do yourself -- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_interventricular_branch_of_left_coronary_artery


He is buried in *** Cemetery, Sedro Woolley, Skagit County, Washington.  Visit his Find A Grave Memorial here.

Washington Death Index for Abel Dyksterhuis from Ancestry.com
sourced from Washington State Department of Health

Another death record from Ancestry.com, showing his parents
sourced from Washington State Death Records.

The third Ancestry.com entry is sourced from
Washington Select Death Certificates

Two photos of the gravestone, the sources are indicated on each photo; one from Ancestry.com, the other from Find A Grave.

Lastly, from Ancestry.com, the Family Data Collection listing Abel's parents, birth and death dates, and birth place.

I don't have an obituary for him.  Do you have a copy you would like to share?  If so, let me know so I can edit this blog.

If you like what you see, be sure to subscribe, and consider supporting me on my patreon page

Become a Patron!

________________________________________________________

Resources:

Farnum, C. (n.d.). Flossina Hiemstra (1892-1942). Retrieved May 22, 2018, from Find A Grave Memorial no. 6831052: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6831052

Farnum, C. (n.d.). Geert Dyksterhuis (1862-1941). Retrieved May 22, 2018, from Find A Grave Memorial 6830818: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6830818

OurTimelines.com. (2018). TimeLines. Retrieved from OurTimeLines.com: http://ourtimelines.com/

Teresa. (n.d.). Abel Dyksterhuis 1898-1948. Retrieved May 21, 2018, from Find A Grave Memorial 120300147: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/120300147

Wikipedia. (2018). Harry S. Truman. Retrieved from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S._Truman

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Abel Nicholas Dyksterhuis part 4

1930

1930 age 32

1930 Sumas City, Whatcom County WA Census

Abel, age 31, lived with his wife Reka age 24 and children Grace age 3 and Gene G. age 2 on Second street (there is no house number).  He rented his home worth about 12 dollars.  Abel is an insurance agent, and he is not a veteran.  This means that even though he registered for the draft in WWI, he did not fight.

A. Dyksterhuis, Dairyman, RD3, Lynden

Note G. Dyk who would be Guy Dyk of Lynden; G.E. Dyksterhuis of Sumas; and J.F. Dyksterhuis of Sumas.

1930 Whatcom County Business directory

Here we see Abel Dyksterhuis is on 8th and Pine, Lynden Washington.  This entry doesn't indicate his occupation.

1930 directory

Here we have Abel and wife Reka Dyksterhuis.  Abel is an insurance agent with his home at 8th and Pine.  Note Guy and Grace Dyk his wife's parents; John Dyk a laborer living with Guy; Avedina Dyksterhuis, the widow of Jacob T; Bert and Agnes; and Klaas and Jontina Dyksterhuis.

Do you see a problem with these three entries?  The first entry has a first initial, "A" working as a dairyman on a rural road in Lynden.  The other two say he is an insurance agent living on 8th and Pine in Lynden.  I don't know of any other male Dyksterhuis with first name starting with "A" so I assumed -- yes, I remember what Momma told me about how it makes an ASS out of U and ME --that this was the same man.  The question is, can he be a dairyman AND an insurance agent?

Okay, it's Google Maps Time, folks!  First up, RD3 Lynden Washington

Lynden, Whatcom, Washington
Google Maps 2018

Okay, that was a bit disappointing.  I can't find what used to be RD3.  But looking at Google Maps, I can see the city of Lynden, and the proximity to Sumas.  I also see that both are border towns.  If I were to do more research, I would look for other location markers to indicate where RD3 may have gone off to.  It didn't disappear, it is still there, just under a different name.

Next, let's look at 8th and Pine in the fair city of Lynden

Abel Dyksterhuis 1930 Residence
8th and Pine -- Google Maps Satellite View 2018

There is no street view option, this time.  Pretty area, though.  If you have more information about this home, and whether he was a dairy farmer or insurance agent or both in 1930s, let me know using the contact form on the right.

In Other News -- 

Scientists discover the ninth planet, Pluto!  (OurTimelines.com, 2018)

1929 Landau advertisement
Green Bay Press-Gazette, Green Bay, Wisconsin, page 10
15 September 1928, downloaded 20 March 2017
from Newspapers.com

1931 age 32

Birth of Child Three Dyksterhuis in Washington

Abel Dyksterhuis 1931 directory

Note the Dyk Building (is this related to Guy Dyk?); "Geo" and Grace on Judson near 7th; John Dyke; Abel N. and Reka Dyksterhuis.  Abel is a laborer, his home is 1515 E, Lynden.  Also Jacob's widow Avedina; Bert and Agnes; Klaas and Jontina.

Google Maps says:

1515 E street, Lynden Washington
Google Maps Satellite 3D view

As the Stradman says -- Views upon Views!

Abel Dyksterhuis 1931

1515 E, Lynden Washington, occupation Laborer.  The red circle is the home on E street in Lynden, the blue is the residence on 8th and Pine.

1933 age 35

Birth of daughter Audrey Rae Dyksterhuis, 3 November 1933, Lynden, Whatcom Washington, who died in Tacoma, Pierce, Washington.  She has no Find A Grave memorial that I've been able to find thus far.

Audrey Rae Dyksterhuis Bolls 1989 obituary index
unable to access the actual obituary

Historical Insight -- End of Prohibition

Abel Nicholas Dyksterhuis may have been part of the majority that celebrated in Bellingham, Washington when the 21st Amendment ended national alcohol prohibition on 5 December 1933

5 December 1933, New York, New York
Credit:  Imagno/Hulton Archive/Getty Images
from Ancestry.com Historical Insight

The 21st Amendment left alcohol prohibition for the states to decide, and Mississippi remained a "dry" state until 1966.  

In a 1939 news column, Eleanor Roosevelt looked back at the prohibition era and concluded that "a moral change still depends on the individual and not on the passage of any law."  The idea that the state cannot legislate morality was a clear lesson from the federal government's nearly 14-year attempt to prohibit the production and sale of alcohol.  Ratification of the 18th Amendment in 1919 led to a lucrative black market for organized crime, corruption within police departments, and a general lack of respect for the law by a broad cross section of the American public.  Many people celebrated on 5 December 1933 when ratification of the 21st Amendment repealed prohibition.  The editors of the Milwaukee Journal wrote:  "Prohibition is gone.  Few will mourn its passing.  It never was a real success, for it never really shut off the supply of alcoholic beverages to those who sought them." -- Ancestry.com Historical Insight 

Historical Insight -- Social Impact of the First "New Deal"

The government programs started by the first "New Deal" in 1933 may have assisted Abel

February 1931, Chicago Illinois
Credit: Wikimedia Commons/Public Domain
from Ancestry.com Historical Insight

Despite the efforts of the first "New Deal," long lines outside of soup kitchens persisted in cities across the nation.  -- Ancestry.com Historical Insight

1933 - 1945 Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President
(FDR Presidential Library & Museum, 2018)

Franklin D. Roosevelt President of the United States from 1933 to 1945 (OurTimelines.com, 2018)

1934 age 36

Historical Insight -- Bonneville Dam

The construction of the Bonneville Dam meant that Abel had nothing to fear but fear itself during the Great Depression

About 1938, Columbia River, Oregon.
Credit: Hulton Archive/Archive Photos/Getty Images
from Ancestry.com Historical Insight

Located just 145 miles from the mouth of the Columbia River, Bonneville Dam was built in 1938 to improve navigation of the river and to provide hydropower to the Pacific Northwest.  -- Ancestry.com Historical Insight

In other news -- 

35,000 Longshoreman strike for 83 days (OurTimelines.com, 2018)

The St. Louis Star and Times
St. Louis, Missouri
10 November 1931, page 8
downloaded 21 March 2017
from Newspapers.com

1935 age 37

Residence in Rural Whatcom County, Washington per 1940 census -- We will get to that one in 1940.  Stay Tuned!

Historical Insight -- The Great Depression

During the Great Depression, Abel Nicholas Dyksterhuis likely faced hardships like joblessness and scant resources while living in Washington in 1935.

April 1936, Cimarron County, Oklahoma.
Credit: Arthur Rothstein/Wikimedia Commons/Public Domain
  – Ancestry.com Historical Insight

Dust storms wreaked havoc on farms across the American heartland, caused the closure of entire towns, and prompted hundreds of thousands to flee their homes for greener pastures along the West Coast. Many became migrant farmers in California.    – Ancestry.com Historical Insight

1936 age 37

Birth of Child Five Dyksterhuis in Washington

McGuffy's Eclectic Primer, page 6

In Other News -- 

King Edward VIII (Windsor) ends his Reign and King George VI (Windsor) begins his Reign from 1936 to 1952; The Spanish Civil War begins; the Helicopter is first developed (OurTimelines.com, 2018)

(Vintage Graphics, 2017)

1937 - 1939 age 39 - 41

Nylon invented by DuPont; Germany annexes Austria; Aircraft Jet Engine is invented by Oltain; The Digital Computer begins to change our lives.  Oh, yes, and World War II starts 1939, but the US doesn't join the fight until later (OurTimelines.com, 2018)

Vintage Graphics Oh So Nifty

If you like what you see, be sure to subscribe, and consider supporting me on my patreon page

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________________________________________________________

Resources:

OurTimelines.com. (2018). TimeLines. Retrieved from OurTimeLines.com: http://ourtimelines.com/

Vintage Graphics. (2017, April 26). ROYALTY FREE CLIPART | VINTAGE MIX. Retrieved May 28, 2018, from Oh So Nifty Vintage Graphics: https://vintagegraphics.ohsonifty.com/royalty-free-clipart-vintage-mix/

Abel Nicholas Dyksterhuis part 3 -- 1920s

1920

1920 age 22

Residence per Census

Abel was living with his brother Bert and wife Agnes on Wiser Lake Road in Lynden, Whatcom Washington.  He worked as a farm laborer on the home farm.

1920 Census

Abel is 21 years old and single, and the home farm is a Dairy Farm, just as I suspected.  The history of this area indicated that dairy was the largest income, their "cash cow" so to speak.

The very next farm is also a dairy farm owned by Klaas Dyksterhuis and his wife.  This man is uncle to Abel and Bert, brother to Geert (G.E.) Dyksterhuis.

The Lynden Tribune, Lynden Washington
21 October 1920 page 12
downloaded 26 may 2018 from
Newspapers.com

Palestine established  (OurTimelines.com, 2018)
Roaring 20s from 1920 to 1929 (OurTimelines.com, 2018)

1921 age 23

The Lynden Tribune, Lynden Washington
6 January 1921 page 1
downloaded 26 may 2018 from
Newspapers.com

Here, Abel is part of a Mixed Quartette performing "At the Battle's Front" for the Choral Society's first concert of the year, singing at the Christian Reformed Church.

The Lynden Tribune, Lynden Washington
24 February 1921 page 1
downloaded 26 may 2018 from
Newspapers.com

The Lynden Tribune, Lynden Washington
21 April 1921 page 1
downloaded 26 may 2018 from
Newspapers.com

The Lynden Tribune, Lynden Washington
19 may 1921 page 1
downloaded 26 may 2018 from
Newspapers.com

Abel, age 23, participated in the Lynden Choral Society's presentation of "The Nazarene," a sacred Oratorio at the Christian Reformed Church as a fund raiser for the Chinese.

Today, a search for this church shows three similarly named churches, the First, the Second and the Third, all within close proximity to each other.

The Lynden Tribune, Lynden Washington
10 November 1921 page 1
downloaded 26 may 2018 from
Newspapers.com

Abel again sings as a tenor for another Fine Sacred Oratorio, this one called "The Redemption."  Wouldn't it be grand to hear a recording of these concerts?

The Lynden Tribune, Lynden Washington
17 November 1921 page 1
downloaded 26 may 2018 from
Newspapers.com

Well, you will have to find Abel's name yourself, here.  I forgot to mark this image before placing it here.  Usually, I open images with Paint, so I can circle, underline, Crop and otherwise manipulate images to make them more readable.  He attended this colourful party for members of the Oratorio Club.


Warren G. Harding President of the United states from 1921 to 1924 

Warren G. Harding, 29th President
died of heart attack
(Wikipedia, 2018)

1922 age 24 City Directory

(Ancestry, 2011)

Residence RD3, Lynden, Whatcom, Washington.  Please note G. Dyk who would be Guy Dyk, his future father in law -- perhaps he and Reka grew up together?  Also Bert Dyksterhuis his brother, G.E. Dyksterhuis his father, J.T. Dyksterhuis who may be Jacob Thomas, his brother.  Please note that we find his full name, ABEL Dyksterhuis living on RD3 in Lynden.

1922 Directory, Bellingham WA page 44

In this directory for Bellingham Washington, we find Abel N. Dyksterhuis working as a farmer in Lynden.  Also is Guy and Grace Dyk (his future in-laws) who is a carpenter "$1000" what does that dollar amount mean?  I would have to go to one of the first pages in this directory to find out exactly.  Also are Hattie and Reka Dyk of Lynden -- two sisters, one of whom is his future wife.  We also see Brother Bert and Agnes Dyksterhuis on a dairy farm in Lynden $1580; Everdine, the widow of Jacob T. -- I am not sure of her relationship, yet; father Geert E of Lynden $615; and Jacob T. Dyksterhuis who is a farmer $1297 living with Elizabeth who must be his mother, since this Jacob is a junior.  We also find Klass and Tina Dyksterhuis of Lynden $619.

The Lynden Tribune, Lynden Washington
18 May 1922  page 1
downloaded 26 may 2018 from
Newspapers.com

Abel plays in the Lynden Community Baseball League, for the Dodgers.

The Lynden Tribune, Lynden Washington
31 August 1922  page 1
downloaded 26 may 2018 from
Newspapers.com

In August, he is one of 25 local singers performing in the cantata "The Great Light" at the First Christian Reformed Church.  He did not have a solo part nor was he part of a quartet this time.  

We also answer which of the three churches he was part of, as it is the FIRST Christian Reformed.  It would make an interesting historical research to find out where the Second and the Third came in and why.  Was there great scism in the community?  Did the church separate, or did another group calling themselves Christian Reformed move in?  Also, a question that comes fleetingly through my mind is why is it called REFORMED?  Reformed from what?

Photo of tree by J'Anette S. 2016

1923 age 24

Death of mother Hiltje Grommers Dyksterhuis on 28 April 1923 in Lynden Washington.  Her Find A Grave memorial is here, in Monumenta Cemetery, Lynden Washington.

(Newspapers.com, 1923)

1925 age 27

Scopes Trial

Scopes Trial on Evolutionary Theory (Linder, 2018)

the trial was moved outside due to excessive heat

Calvin Coolidge President of the United States from 1925 to 1928

(Wikimedia, 2018)

1926 age 28

Abel Dyksterhuis, RD3, Lynden Washington

Again, we find soon-to-be father-in-law Guy Dyk, Abel, Bert on his dairy farm in Lynden; father G.E. in Lynden, and brother J.T. on his diary farm in Sumas.

1926 age 28

1926 Dyke Dyksterhuis license application

On the left of this application is for Abel N. Dyksterhuis of Lynden Washington to marry Reka Dyke of Lynden Washington.  I believe that the signatures belong to each of the parties -- Win!

Abel Dyksterhuis 1926 signature

Reka Dyke 1926 signature

Marriage to Murijrika (Reka) Dyk in Everett, Snohomish, Washington.  She was the daughter of Guy and Grace Alferink Dyk.  They lived in the same area, and these two kids probably grew up together.
So, all I have is this application for marriage license, not the actual document itself.  If you have new information, please let me know by using the contact form on the right.

1927 age 28

Birth of First Child Dyksterhuis in 1927, in Lynden Washington

Whatcom County Directory 1927
Interestingly, there is only this one Dyksterhuis

1927 Bellingham Directory
complete with the nearly full compliment of Dyk and Dyksterhuis

First TransAtlantic Solo Flight by Lindbergh (OurTimelines.com, 2018)

1928 age 29

Birth of son Gregory Gene "Dutch" Dyksterhuis on 9 March 1928 in Lynden, Whatcom County, Washington.  His Find A Grave memorial is here

1928 Bellingham WA directory

Republican Tribune, Union Missouri page 7
27 January 1928, downloaded 20 March 2017
from Newspapers.com

Geiger Counter was developed, Penicillin discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming, and Television was just beginning to change our lives (OurTimelines.com, 2018)

1929 age 31

1929 Whatcom County Directory
this time with everybody

Stock Market Crashed, causing the Great Depression (OurTimelines.com, 2018)

 Herbert Hoover President of the United States from 1929 to 1932

(Wikipedia, Herbert Hoover, 31st President, 2018)

If you like what you see, be sure to subscribe, and consider supporting me on my patreon page

Become a Patron!

________________________________________________________

Resources:

Ancestry. (2011). Bellingham, Washington, City Directory, 1922. US City Directories, 1822-1995 [database on-line]. Provo, Utah, USA: Ancestry.com Operations. Inc. Retrieved 2018, from US City Directories, 1822-1995 [database on-line].

Linder, P. D. (2018). State v. John Scopes (The Monkey Trial"): An Account. Retrieved May 27, 2018, from Famous Trials: http://famous-trials.com/scopesmonkey/2127-home

Newspapers.com. (1923, April 10). The Indianapolis News, Indianapolis, Indiana page 25. Retrieved March 13, 2017, from Newspapers.com: www.newspapers.com

OurTimelines.com. (2018). TimeLines. Retrieved from OurTimeLines.com: http://ourtimelines.com/

Wikimedia. (2018, May 27). Calvin Coolidge, 30th President. Retrieved May 27, 2018, from Wikimedia: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1391463

Wikipedia. (2018, May 26). Herbert Hoover, 31st President. Retrieved May 27, 2018, from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Hoover

Wikipedia. (2018, May 26). Warren G. Harding, 29th President. Retrieved May 27, 2018, from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_G._Harding

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